Clinical Significance

Amphetamines
Amphetamines are a class of central nervous system stimulants. The most common amphetamines include d-amphetamine, d,l-amphetamine, and d-methamphetamine. Measurements of amphetamines are used in the diagnosis and treatment of amphetamine use and overdose, and in monitoring the presence of amphetamine to ensure appropriate therapy.

Barbiturates
Barbiturates are a class of central nervous system depressants that are used as sedatives and hypnotics. Measurements of barbiturates are used in the diagnosis and treatment of barbiturate use or overdose, and in monitoring the presence of barbiturates to ensure appropriate therapy.

Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are a class of central nervous system depressants that are used as sedatives and hypnotics. The benzodiazepine compounds include chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam, flurazepam, and nitrazepam. Measurements of benzodiazepines are used in the diagnosis and treatment of benzodiazepine use and overdose, and in monitoring the presence of benzodiazepines to ensure appropriate therapy.

Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine is a potent analgesic often used in the treatment of opiate abusers.

Cocaine
Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant. Its primary metabolite is benzoylecgonine.

Methadone
Methadone is an addictive narcotic drug which is used for pain relief. Measurements of methadone are used in the diagnosis and treatment of methadone use and overdose, and to determine compliance with regulations in methadone maintenance treatment.

Opiates
Opiates are a class of narcotic pain-relieving drugs, including codeine, heroin, and morphine. Measurements of opiates are used in the diagnosis and treatment of opiate use and overdose, and in monitoring the presence of opiates to ensure appropriate therapy.

Oxycodone
Oxycontin, Percodan, and Percocet are semi-synthetic narcotic analgesics that are prescribed for moderately severe pain. It is available in both standard and sustained release oral formulations. Oxycodone is metabolized to oxymorphone and noroxycodone.

Phencyclidine
Phencyclohexyl piperidine (PCP) is a dissociative hallucinogenic drug.

THC
Cannabinoid hallucinogenic compounds include delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol. Measurements of cannabinoids are used in the diagnosis and treatments of cannabinoid use or abuse, and in monitoring the presence of cannabinoids during clinical investigational use.

Tricyclic Antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants are a group of structurally related prescription drugs that are used to manage depression.